|
TOPIC 1
PREINVENTORY OF CULTURAL ROUTES
Cultural
Routes in Japan
Kunie Sugio
(Japón)
Cultural
routes, or the roads and waterways that preserve the history and
culture of civilizations serve as a stage for ancient writings, the
exchange that took place among people and their beliefs, possess an
extremely important significance in understanding history and
historical cultures from both a domestic and an international point of
view and thus are extremely valuable tangible and intangible cultural
assets.
In
light of this the Japanese Government (The Agency for Cultural Affairs)
has, from 1978, been comprehensively and systematically been working
on preserving routes, canals, waterways that existed prior to the Edo
era and the environment that encompasses the regional cultural
legacies that go along with these items in the form of “Historical
route” surveys and
maintenance projects.
In
an effort to deepen understanding of the value of local historical and
cultural items and in an effort to further protect cultural legacies
and their surrounding regional environments, projects have been
launched beginning in 1993 wherein citizens are allowed to walk
through the ancient routes located all over Japan and experience these
cultural legacies firsthand.
Also,
in 1996, in order to increase interest in these historical and
cultural routes the Agency for Cultural Affairs made its first
selection and determination of 78 primary locations of the 100
historical selected routes that will be established. From these
primary selections several were also selected to be listed on the
Japanese Cultural Route’s list. And a separate list was also added
that included Cultural Routes that span from country to country
including Japan.
Pilgrimage
Routes 1
|
Name
|
Kumano
Kodo
|
|
Region
|
Kii
Mountain Range, Wakayama, Nara, and Mie Prefecture 33°50’
North 135°46’
East.
|
|
Type
of use
|
Pilgrimage
Routes
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
the
12 century
|
|
State
of the route
|
Remains
in good condition, and the authenticity of the properties and
cultural landscapes associated with them have been well
maintained.
Kumano
Sanzan, also, known as Kumano Sansho Gongen, which is composed
of the three Shinto shrines Kunano Hongu, Kumano Shingu, Kumano
Nach has been revered by imperial families and the aristocratic
society for its unparalleled divinity and miraculous efficacy,
such was the enthusiasm of faithful pilgrims swarming to the
sacred sites that people in later ages referred to the
pilgrimage to Kumano Sanzan as an “ant procession”
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
The
Kii Mountain Range, which lies to the south of Kyoto, the
ancient capital city of Japan, has played an important role as
an active stage for spiritual and cultural development and
interchange since ancient times. The sacred places in this
mountain area, the sacred sites of Koyasan, Kumano Sanzan,
Yoshino and Omine and pilgrimage routes (Kuma no Kodo) leading
to and linking them have long attracted many devoted followers
of Buddhism and Shinto.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
Proposed
world heritage list nomination.
|
Pilgrimage
Routes 2
|
Name
|
DEWA
SAN ZAN (Three mountains of DEWA) Pilgrimage Routes
|
|
Region
|
Yamagata
Prefecture
|
|
Type
of use
|
Pilgrimage
Routes
(1)
Mountain worship
Religious
and spiritual training in various mountain locations
(2)Worship
of nature itself
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
Routes
that were used for trade and worship and mountain routes used
for worship that wind around Japanese beach wood forests,
mountainous locations, forests, prairies, rocky areas and flower
fields
Man-made
road (Ongyoudou) with roads for horses and an umagaeshi at the 7th
stage (place where one proceeds on foot).
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
Stone paved main road.
(2)
Main road surrounded by Japanese cedar
(Selected as a special natural monument)
(3)
There are 31 temples
(4)
Yudono shrine
(5)
Kamiko stone
(6)
Other items
Repentance
stone
Poem
of ancestoral gods.
(7)
Festivals and festivals of worship
(8)
Festival for the Tano God
(9)
A trip to the other world (Tabitachi no sugata)
(10)
A location where families would greet family members who had
returned from journeys (Sakamuke), Mountain god (Yamanokami),
Rice field god (Tanokami)）
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
Since
these possess value on an international ranking level in the
area of intangible cultural performancewe would like to propose
that they be nominated to the World Heritage List.
|
Pilgrimage
Routes 3
|
Name
|
Dewa
San Zan
|
|
Region
|
Dema
to Tsuruoka
|
|
Type
of use
|
Pilgrimage
Route
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
・Used
for trade。
・Pilgrimage
routes
・In
1745, 15,000 believers climbed to the peak of the mountain。
・30pilgrim
lodges are still standing at present。
・In
the past there were 300 of these pilgrim lodges located on the
westside of the 2 kilometer stretch of the pilgrim road.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
・In
the ancient past there was a system in effect forbidding women.
・Events
were held for the performance of songs and Haiku.
・Divine
services and training activities such as horseback archery (Yabusame).
・
Some other cultural legacies are:
・Pilgrim
lodges
・Haiku
monuments
・Nenbutsugyou
・Kongoushimizu
・Ougongyou
・Jizonson
・Markers
measuring a distance of 1 Ri (Ichirizuka)
・Crossroads
(Oiwakeishi）
・Ancient
trees such as Japanese cedars are preserved here, some that have
lived for over 200 years.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
In
the future it will be necessary to carry out further promotion
activities for culture-oriented tourism. It will be necessary to
preserve intangible cultural assets
and recommend that others be named as such.
|
Pilgrimage
Routes 4
|
Name
|
Daisenndo
|
|
Region
|
A
mountain road used for pilgrimages to Daisen mountain.
(1)
Bouryoumichi
(2)
Onodakamichi
(3)
Mizoguchimichi
(4)
Yokotemichi), Daisen Temple→
Masumizu plateau
(5)
Kawazokomichi, Daisen Temple→Jizo
peak
Daisen
town, Totori prefecture
・Nakayama
town
・Rippaku
town
・Kaiyo
town
Yokote
town→Totori
prefecture
Daisen
town→Okazakihisayo
town・Yuharagawa
|
|
Type
of use
|
Pilgrimage
Route
Route
used for pilgrimages around the country (Kaikokugyouja）
A
route to Oku no in. (Okumairi）
Jizo
worship field
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
Daisen
mountain (1711m) has been used for worship activities from
ancient times.
|
|
State
of the route
|
Treated
on the same level as a “Honmairi” to Iseginju, Mie
prefecture.
Cultural
trade and human interaction took place here in the past as well
as at present.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
Daisenji was selected as on of the 66 nationally selected
locations used to store Buddhist scriptures in the Edo era.
(2)
Pilgrims（kaikokugyousha）stored
Buddhist scriptures here.
(3)
Bodhisattva replicas (Jizobosatsu)
Japan’s
largest horse and cow market was held here in the Meiji era due
to the influence of the belief of horse and cow divine
protection.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
It
is necessary to carry out preservation activities to protect
remaining historical and cultural legacies.
|
Pilgrimage
Routes 5
|
Name
|
Xavier
Missionary Route in Japan
|
|
Region
|
Kagoshima
→
Hirado →
Yamaguchi →
Sakai →
Kyoto →Bungo
→
Tanegashima →
India →Goa
|
|
Type
of use
|
Pilgrimage
Routes
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
1549～
1549
Kagoshima
August
15 landed
|
|
State
of the route
|
On
Sept 29, 1550 Shimazu obtained permission to conduct missionary
activities.
Shimazu
left Kagoshima from Hirado.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)Monument
of Xavier’s landing is located in Kagoshima.
(2)Picture
of Xavier’s temple of worship in Kagoshima.
(3)St
Fransiscus Xavier church in Hirado
(4)Picture
of Xavier in Yamaguchi
(5)Stained
glass in Tokyo Catholic Church School.
(6)Studies
and other items have remained to the present.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
Surveying
and research activities are progressing well in Japan. We
recommend the establishment of joint research and survey
activities between Japan and Spain and other countries.
|
Commodity
shipping roads-1
|
Name
|
Historic
Silver Mine of Iwami Ginzan Old Road.
|
|
Region
|
35°
0’ north1 32°
26’ East
Linked
the mine and the port
|
|
Type
of use
|
Transportion
from the silver mine.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
1526
The
16th century
|
|
State
of the route
|
Remains
in a good state of preservation and serves as outstanding
evidence of the mining industy of Japan from the 16th to the 19th
century. Some points of road still maintains a construction that
only is 1m wide and stone paved with a 35cm wide slope for
workhorses.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
The
Historic Silver Mine of Iwami Ginza Wide is composed of the
remains of the gigantic silver mine and a mining town which
developed along with the mine. Also in the area are mountains,
castles used for guarding the site, a port which contributed
significantly to the mines prosperity, and old transporting
roads that linked the mine and the port.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
The
Historic Silver Mine of Iwami Ginzan is nominated for the world
Heritage list nominated list nomination enclosed old roads That
limited and the port.
|
Commodity
shipping roads-2
|
Name
|
Salt
route (Shio no michi)
|
|
Region
|
Toyama
and Nagano Prefectures
Spreads
over 12 cities and 34 towns and villages.
|
|
Type
of use
|
A
route for transporting salt from the Japan sea inland to Nagano.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
It
is made up of the 2 routes of the Itoigawa route(the northern
salt route), and the Sagara town, Shizuoka prefecture route (the
southern salt route). The route spans a total of 350 kilometers.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
A route that serves to connect and make historical and cultural
exchanges among the Japan sea, the Pacific ocean and inland
areas.
(2)
A famous episode remains that took place between Kenshin Uesugi
and Shinken Takeda. In this story Kenshin Uesugi kindly sent
salt to Shinken Takeda as a sign of fairness as a gentleman.
(3)Baggage
carrier (Bokka）。Baggage
was transported over the steep mountainous areas by hired
baggage carriers.
(4)A
small salt route museum is home to 850 items concerning Bokka,
1000 items concerning the lifestyle of the area and 200 items
about production.
(5)Diversified
folk tales.
(6)An
event titled the “Salt route walk rally from Echigo to
Itoigawa” was founded in 1973.
(7)Other
items. The Otsuna mountain range at an altitude of 800
meters.The scenic mountain of Amakazari was selected as one of
the top 100 mountains in Japan.
|
|
Ranking
|
Local
|
|
Comments
|
Survey
and research activities are progressing well along with work on
preserving historical legacies making the well known as a
culture-oriented tourist spot.
|
Commodity
shipping roads-3
|
Name
|
Silk
route (Kinu no michi)
|
|
Region
|
Hachioji
to Yokohama
|
|
Type
of use
|
Route
for commodity shipping.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
From
the end of the Edo era to the middle of the Meiji era.
A
route used to transport silk to Yokohama to be used for export.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
The
silk route museum. Luxurious mansions built by silk merchants
have been preserved up to the present day.
|
|
Ranking
|
Chosen
as one of the top 100 historical routes by the The Agency for
Cultural Affairs. Local class.
|
|
Comments
|
The
rate at which the route is being destroyed by metropolitan
growth is extremely rapid. Restoration is needed as much as
possible.
|
Two-way
route-1 (Okando-1)
|
Name
|
Hagi-Ôkan
|
|
Region
|
Hagi
castle to Asahi village (Yamaguchi prefecture) to Bofu city.
Yamaguchi
prefecture
|
|
Type
of use
|
(1)Used
by people and horses.
(2)A
politically important trade route used for transporting products
original to each specific clan.
(3)A
route connecting the areas of Sanin and Sanyo.
(4)A
historical route used by the Mori clan and other samurai during
the Meiji restoration period.
(5)
A route used for the system of mandatory alternate residence in
Edo Daimyo。Hagi
castle was origin of the Daimyo procession.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
17th
century。
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)Passes
throughthe Chugoku mountain region at an altitude of 1,000
meters.
(2)
The Okan route has a width of approximately 4 meters and runs
for 52.7 kilometers from the castle town of Hagi to the harbor
town of Mitaya located on the Setonai gulf.
(3)
The Daimyo procession was a demostration made up of 1,500
servants used to show the authority of Daimyo to the people
living in the sphere of the castle.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Nationally
selected historical remains, Hagi castle, Namidamatsu remains,
signposts showing ancient distance intervals (Ichiri tsuka),
monuments, outposts, house trading locations (Umatsunagidokor),
places for sending presents to Daimyo (Tenkabutsuokuriba),
palanquin storage locations（kagookiba）、places
for paying wages (Dachinfudaba), checkpoints.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
Greater
promotional activities are needed regarding usage.
|
Two-way
route-2 (Okando-2)
|
Name
|
Nakasendo
|
|
Region
|
The
Nakasendo is a route that goes from Edo (Nihonbashi) to
Musashino (Saitama prefecture) to Kozu (Gunma prefecture) to
Shinano (Nagano prefecture) to Mino (Gifu prefecture) to Oumi (Shiga
prefecture) to Kusatsu where it joins with the Tokaido that
leads to Kyoto.
|
|
Type
of use
|
On
of the 5 modern routes. （What
is meant by the 5 modern routes are 1. Tokaido 2. Nakayamado 3.
Koushuukaido 4. Nikkokaido and 5. Okukaido which all start from
Edo.）
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
The
route was first opened in the Edo era. In 1716 Tokugawa Shogun
unified the name of the route as Nakasendo.
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)Restoration
projects for the Hstoric Routes (Road) are progressing。
(2)Also
known as Kisokaido, the route possesses the meaning of being a
mountain route that runs through the central mountainous region
of Japan and thus uses the Chinese characters of “Naka” (middle)
and “Yama” (mountain).
(3)
69 stations (Tsuji) (approximately 132 Ri) 515 kilometers).
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
Tsumago lodge (Tsumagojuku)
(2)
The headquarters (Honjin) has been preserved and restored.
(3)
Minami Kiso Machi Tsumago Juku was selected as an area (lodging
area) of traditional buildings of importance to be preserved as
is, resulting in an area of 1,245 hectares being selected.
Originally these structures featured wooden slates used for the
roofs and had balconies on their 2nd floors. Rows of
these structures once used as lodges still exist and are used as
civilian houses.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
Surveys
and maintenance projects are being advanced.
|
Two-way
route-3 (Okando-3)
|
Name
|
Ushimado
Orai
|
|
Region
|
A
route from Okayama castle town to Urushi to Kurata to Hykuma
town to Kawauchi to Kaneda Shinden (Salt pit) to Kaneoka to
Nimura ferry to Atarashi to Kanzaki to Ushimado
|
|
Type
of use
|
Route
used for overseas trade and human cultural exchange
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
An
important harbor located in the gulf during the Kamakura era.
During the Edo era this route was used by Korean messengers.
|
|
State
of the route
|
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Road
signs still remain that announce the location of the salt pits
in Kaneda, Okayama city, accommodations (Jukumoto) in Okayama
city, Ushimado Orai and so on.
|
|
Ranking
|
Local
|
|
Comments
|
|
Two-way
route-4 (Okando-4)
|
Name
|
Chugokukaido
|
|
Region
|
Route
that connected the Nagaoka metropolis and the Heian metropolis.
|
|
Type
of use
|
Used
for travel by people
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
Around
the time the Heian metropolis was established.
|
|
State
of the route
|
The
route has a total length of 4 kilometers.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
A
side route where the Imperial Palace was temporarily positioned
has been reconstructed as the “Toin no Michi”. The shrines
located on the side of the rout, the remains of Shouryuji castle
and ancient mansions are preserved in their original condition.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
While
archaeological research is proceeding well regarding the Nagaoka
metropolis and the Heian metropolis, there needs to be more work
on restoration projects.
|
Two-way
route-5 (Okando-5)
|
Name
|
Kando（Takekaido）
|
|
Region
|
This
route goes from Daishodo to the Kawauchi plain to Matsuhara city
to Habikino city to Taishi town to the Takeuchi peak of Futagami
mountain and ends at the Nagao shrine in Toufu town in Nara
prefecture.
|
|
Type
of use
|
(1)
A pilgrimage route
(2)
A route used to transport items from different cultures.
(The culture of ancient China was conveyed using this route)
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
Asuka
era
|
|
State
of the route
|
Remains
partially as a city street. Some traces of the route remain
along a 30 kilometer stretch. In the middle ages this route was
used as a pilgrimage route and served as an economic-oriented
route during the Edo era.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
An ancient collection of tombs from the Asuka era still
remain.
(2)
The remains of historical, ancient shrines and palaces.
|
|
Ranking
|
Local
|
|
Comments
|
Surveys
and restoration projects are needed.
|
Oku
no Hosomichi-1
|
Name
|
Oku
no Hosomichi (A route used in the Edo era named for a travel
account that used Haiku of the same name)
|
|
Region
|
(1)
This route goes from Dewa-Sendaikaido to Nakayama
mountain to Natagiri peak
(2)
Mutsukami kaido, Iwade town
|
|
Type
of use
|
Ancient
road
This
route was used by Basho Matsuo, a famous Haiku poet. Also used
as a route for transporting commodities.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
In
1689 Basho Matsuo and his disciple, Sora used the ancient route
of the Oku no Hosomichi on a Haiku journey from Edo. Also, this
route was used by farmers when they worked as laborers (denbayaku)
from as far back as the 18th century.
|
|
State
of the route
|
Currently,
this once abandoned ancient route, has been paved with stones
and restored. This route is used by a great number of people who
are interested in history and the works of Basho Matsuo.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
A Haiku monument has been erected on the spot where Basho
Matsuo recited his Haiku.
(2)
(Kagotachiba) rest area, avenue of pine trees（Senbon
matsu nagane）
(3)
Pine tree branches cross-over each other forming a tunnel
–like avenue. (Mikaematsu)
(4)
Markers measuring a distance of 1 Ri (Ichirizuka)
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
|
Oku
no Hosomichi-2
|
Name
|
Ushukaido, Kaneyama peak
|
|
Region
|
This
route goes from Usukaido, over the Kaneyama peak to
Shichigashuku town in Sendai prefecture to Kamiyamabe in
Yamagata prefecture.
|
|
Type
of use
|
(1)
Principle route of modern times
(2)
A route used by 3 clans for the
system of mandatory alternate residence in Edo Daimyo
(3)
The most difficult area is steep area of the Kaneyama
peak on the border of Mutsu and Dewa.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)
Passes through a mountainous region (Japanese beech
forest)
(2)
Kaneyama peak is the most challenging area
(3)
Narage lodge is a lodge used as a starting point for
passing over the Kaneyama peak.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Nationally
selected historical remains
(1)
Narage lodge、inns、checkpoints
(bandokoro)、headquarters
(Honjin)
(2)
Arched stone bridge
(3)
Ancient mansions
(4)
The Kaneyama peak features the Fudodo, a stone staircase,
water holes and tea houses
(5)
Town sign posts (Machiishi), stone monuments, jizoson
(6)
Other items; the intangible
cultural assets of the Kinjo rice field dance, the Kamiyama drum
and fife band, the messenger Ekiden (Hikyaku Ekiden), etc
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
|
Oku
no Hosomichi-3
|
Name
|
Dewa
Sanzan pilgrimage Routes (Oku no Hosomichi)
|
|
Region
|
Yamagata
Prefecture
|
|
Type
of use
|
Pilgrimage
Routes (Mogami River)
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
The
17th Century
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)
Mogami Valley、River
Route
(2)
Canals of the Mogami river
(3)
Exchange and transportation of commodities, lumber,
safflower and cultural items
(4)
Total length of 64 kilometers
(5)
System
of mandatory alternate residence in Edo Daimyo
(6)
In the ancient past, 36,000 mountain worshippers would
pass over the route from May to August.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
Mountain worship
(2)
(Okagura)
(3)
Events for purifying the body (kessaijo)
(4)
Other items
(5)
Markers measuring a distance of 1 Ri (Ichirizuka), Yahata
shrine
(6)
Kumano shrine
(7)
(Namigata jizou)
(8)
Ship checkpoint (Funabandokoro)
(9)
Myojin bridge
(10)
Other items of natural resources and scenic resources
(11)
48 waterfalls such as Shiraito falls
(12)
Canyon scenery
(13)
Hot springs
Forests
composed of the natural monuments of Japanese beech trees,
zelkova trees, Japanese red pine trees and other trees are
preserved and protected.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
In
the future there will need to be more culture-oriented tourism
promotion activities.
|
Nikko
cedar lined route
|
Name
|
Nikko
cedar lined route (Nikko suginamiki kaido)
|
|
Region
|
Nikko
city and Imaiichi city
|
|
Type
of use
|
Cedar
lined route
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
Shogun
Masatsuna Maddaira established this cedar lined route in
commemoration of the creation of the Nikko Toshogu and the
movement of the principle shrine. The cedar trees come from
Kumano and are planted not only along the sides of the route but
on Nikko mountain as well and dedicated to Toshogu.
|
|
State
of the route
|
Kept
in very good condition even at present.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Nationally
selected special historical remains and special natural
monuments.
Also,
a commemorative stone monument has been set-up at the entrance
to the holy bridge of Nikko (Shinkyo) 1648.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
Recommended
for registration in the list of world heritage items.
|
Biwako
Sosui (Waterway-1)
|
Name
|
Biwako
Sosui (Biwako canal)
|
|
Region
|
Kyoto
city
Outsu
city
This
route goes from the shore of Biwa lake in Mihogasaki of Outsu
city to northern area of Yamashina in Kyoto city to Keage to the
leftbank of the Kamo river to Fushimi to the Uji river.
|
|
Type
of use
|
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
1890
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)
An irrigation canal
(2)
Water supply
(3)
Commodity shipping use
(4)
Varied uses such as power generation, etc
(5)
Total length of 11.14 kilometers
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
Preserved as a nationally selected historical remains.
(2)
Construction projects performed by the first technicians
of Japan.
(3)
Ink route
(4)
The existence of water power plants, etc.
(5)
Well known as a cultural scenic location within the city
limits of Kyoto
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
|
Jouzanbori
(Waterway-2)
|
Name
|
Jyozan
bori canal
|
|
Region
|
Iwanuma
city - Ishinomaki city, Miyagi prefecture, along the Sendai Bay
Distance is about 33 kilometers.
|
|
Type
of use
|
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
The
17th century
|
|
State
of the route
|
Width:
16.2m
Depth:
1m
This
canal was built to provide relief for unemployed people.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
Transport building materials for Sendai castle
(2)
Many of the old memorial monuments such as shrines, pine
groves and so on still remain.
|
|
Ranking
|
Regional
|
|
Comments
|
Historical
canal selected by the Japanese government as a project for
historical and cultural routes.
|
Railway-1
|
Name
|
YABAKEI
railroad
|
|
Region
|
Oita
prefecture Shimoge gun Sanko village
Between
Nakata and Morimi hot spring
|
|
Type
of use
|
Tourism
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
1913
|
|
State
of the route
|
Yabakei
is designated by the Japanese government as a place of scenic
beauty.
Now
still used as a sightseeing railroad.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Historical,
natural and scenic beauty area, tunnels (Atugase tunnel),
frameworks such as those and half circle arches made with bricks
still remain.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
Expected
to be used for cultural tourism.
|
Railway-2
|
Name
|
(Usui
tetsudo)
Usui
Railroad
|
|
Region
|
Nagano
prefecture
Between
Matuida and Karuizawa
|
|
Type
of use
|
Railway
Abt-system railroad
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
1893
|
|
State
of the route
|
Used
to be an Abt-system railroad, for crossing steep passes. Now it
has been abolished.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
5
brick bridges 10 tunnels 2 transformer substations, those
building are designated as important cultural properties by the
Japanese government.
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
Expect
to use for cultural tourism.
|
Sea
route-1
|
Name
|
The
sea route of the Ryukyu kingdom
|
|
Region
|
Yaeyama
(OKINAWA Ryukyu)
|
|
Type
of use
|
・Trade
・cultural
exchange
・Human
cultural exchange
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
The
16 to 18 century
|
|
State
of the route
|
Toumidai
port is located on the northern side of the Island by the
Kuroshio Current.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Noroshi
(a signal fire)
TOUMIDAI
(lookout platform)
|
|
Ranking
|
National
|
|
Comments
|
More
study and research projects are needed.
|
Sea
route-2
|
Name
|
Sea
cucumber route (Namako no michi)
|
|
Region
|
This
sea route goes among the more than 20,000 islands that make up
the archipelago of Southeast Asia.
|
|
Type
of use
|
Trade,
cultural exchange, human cultural exchange
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)
Sea route in the Tajima gulf located in Southeast Asia.
(2)
This sea route used to make money away from home (also used for
daily life), passes over the Makassar straight and is used by
over 200,000 people.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Canoe
technology was developed here.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
Project
teams are being established with the countries involved to carry
out surveys and research.
|
Sea
route-3
|
Name
|
Land
and sea network of the Mongolian Empire.
|
|
Region
|
(1)
Land route
Eastern
Asia (Iran) Arabia
This
route connects the eastern Mediterranean ocea, Italy, Portugal,
the Silk road, Kharakhorum, Peking, Korean peninsula, Japan and
the Northern sea region
(2)Sea
route (Umi no michi)
This
route goes from Indonesia to Southeast Asia to Keigen (Neiha) to
Koshu to Daito.）
|
|
Type
of use
|
Trade,
cultural exchange, human cultural exchange
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
The
13 century
Forms
an international network the moves around the southern tip of
the Eurasian Continent.
|
|
State
of the route
|
1.
Trade route
Especially
celadon porcelain and silver
The
currency of the East Asia region (silver)
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
Japanese
silver mines
Commerce,
silver making, cotton industry, printing, ceramic ware,
shipbuilding technology
Cotton
plant development, the exportation of silk, rice and other items.
The
merchant gentry was created with the use of this sea route.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
More
archaeological research is needed.
|
Sea
route-4 (Sea route run by the Ryuku government (Okinawa))
|
Name
|
Indian
ocean region route (1)
|
|
Region
|
・Runs
from India to Southeast Asia to the Persian gulf to East Africa
to Yemen
・Indian
ocean region to the red sea to West Asia to the Mediterranean
ocean
|
|
Type
of use
|
(1)
The transfer of races
(2)
Conversion of currencies
(3)
Multi-faceted and multi-leveled cultural exchange region
(Methods)
Marine
transportation
Piloting
ships using masts that make use of the monsoon currents.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)Exchange
of products
Spices
Dyes
Lumber
Minerals
Fibers
Manufactured
products
(2)The
transportation of people
Military
use and the domination of countries
(3)Pilgrimage
(4)Travel
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
A
contact point for the exchange of the differing civilizations of
the East and West.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
General
research and investigative work needs to be performed through an
organization made up of joint teams from the countries involved.
|
Sea
route-5
|
Name
|
Indian
ocean
Marine
network
|
|
Region
|
(1)Red
sea, Persian gulf, Arabian sea and its coastal regions
(2)The
west Indian ocean region centering on the east Africa coastal
region
(3)Costal
region of the Bengal gulf, the archipelago of Southeast Asia、Bengal
gulf region
(4)Indian
ocean region, World’s east area, (South China sea, Java sea,
Celebes sea, Banda sea, coastal region of the South China sea)
|
|
Type
of use
|
Oceanic
transportation (people, commodity trade, transportation) using
early European ships and Chinese Junks.
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
The
8th century -
|
|
State
of the route
|
From
the Persian Gulf to route to the Red sea and Cairo routes
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)
120 thousand foreign merchants of differing religions and
cultures inhabited the Kanton region of China.
(2)
Movement of the Christian crusade
(3)
Handmade products (Ceramic ware for exportation, woven
fabric trade)
(4)
The development of boating techniques
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
Project
teams are being established with the countries involved to carry
out surveys and research.
|
Silk
road-1
|
Name
|
Silk
Road
|
|
Region
|
The
silk road refers to a route that runs from east to west and
connects Asia,
Europe and Northern Africa.
(1)
An east to west running route that crosses over the
Eurasian continent
A central Asian route that ties together the silk trade of
China, Western Turkestan and Northwestern India.
The Eastern side begins in China and the Western side ends in
the Eastern coastline of the Mediterranean ocean.
(2)
Route connecting the North and South
|
|
Type
of use
|
(1)Route
used for the silk trade
(2)Crossroads
of various civilizations
(3)Exchange
of cultures
(4)Trading
route
|
|
Period
of foundation
|
|
|
State
of the route
|
(1)The
oasis route passes through the oasis region of central Asia.
(2)The
steppe route passes through the Northern steppe region
(3)A
marine trade route that ties together the Southern Indian ocean,
Southeast Asia, the Red sea and the Persian gulf.
|
|
Historical
frame works and events
|
(1)Historical
legacies and cultural heritage and a rich, vibrant history and
culture linger on.
(2)A
pillar of the development of world history.
(3)The
birthplace of the
world’s principle cultures and religions.
(4)Bridge
between the cultures of the East and West.
(5)Exchange
of people and commodities.
|
|
Ranking
|
Worldwide
|
|
Comments
|
General
research and investigative work needs to be performed through an
organization made up of joint teams from the countries involved
within ICOMOS CIIC
|
|
